La formación en el campo BIM cobra cada vez más importancia tanto por las obligaciones que marca la ley como por ofrecer un servicio de diseño más eficiente.
La nueva frontera del diseño BIM
BIM significa Building Information Modeling y se refiere a una metodología de trabajo que, al simular una obra, optimiza su diseño y gestión a lo largo de su ciclo de vida.
Además, el Decreto BIM nº 560 de 2017 destinado a digitalizar los procesos y actividades de diseño y gestión de la obra, en el art. 6 ha establecido pasos para introducir la naturaleza obligatoria de BIM para participar en licitaciones.
El primer paso se refería a obras complejas relacionadas con obras con un importe de licitación igual o superior a 100 millones de euros a partir del 1 de enero de 2019. El último paso será para obras con un importe por licitación inferior a 1 millón de euros a partir del 1 de enero de 2025.
Por lo tanto, implementar BIM en las propias formas de trabajo será cada vez más fundamental, especialmente para aquellos profesionales que quieran participar en estas carreras y que quieran mantenerse al día.
BIM, ¿por qué es tan importante?
Más allá de las obligaciones de las que hablamos anteriormente, utilizar una metodología BIM en 2020 se ha vuelto fundamental y esto no solo para grandes obras sino también para un solo edificio. Esto se debe a que gracias al diseño BIM es posible gestionar mejor todo el proceso.
De hecho, BIM a menudo se asocia con una representación/modelado tridimensional del proyecto, pero el modelo de una construcción BIM no es solo esto.
La simulación de la obra que mencioné anteriormente, en primer lugar concierne no solo a la parte arquitectónica, sino que es un tout court de modelado que puede afectar a la parte estructural, la parte de planta, que en este caso se denomina MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing ) y otros, en función del uso que tendrá el Modelo.
Además, dicho modelado no es solo geométrico, sino que también se refiere a otras dimensiones:
- Estimación y gestión de tiempos de producción
- Estimación y gestión de costos
- Gestión de edificios
- Sostenibilidad ambiental, económica y social del trabajo
El modelo así obtenido queda archivado y es simultáneamente accesible por todos los stakeholders, que pueden así tener información sobre el mismo en tiempo real e incluso cuando la obra esté finalizada, para su mantenimiento y también para una posible demolición o refuncionalización posterior.
Revit: el software BIM más utilizado del mundo
El software más utilizado en el mundo para la realización de proyectos con metodología BIM es Revit de Autodesk.
Este software simplifica los procesos de diseño y análisis de edificios y permite la colaboración activa entre diseñadores en varios niveles mediante el uso de objetos inteligentes.
La principal cualidad de Revit es que permite un modelado muy rápido. Una vez creado el modelo, de hecho, es posible obtener rápida y automáticamente todos los documentos que necesitamos de él: desde los planos, las secciones, los prospectos, las vistas axonométricas y en perspectiva, los cálculos, etc. en. Además, cada vez que actualizamos el modelo, el software actualiza automáticamente todas estas derivadas en tiempo real.
De esta forma es posible minimizar los errores y maximizar la eficiencia del diseño.
Nuevamente Revit nos permite utilizar las fases, distinguiendo así entre las diversas que existen en la realización de una obra: nivelación, cimentaciones, estructuras, etc.
Con Revit podemos modelar tanto la arquitectura, las estructuras como la parte MEP mencionada anteriormente.
Cómo convertirse en especialista en BIM
Existen algunos cursos de formación profesional que nos permiten convertirnos en especialistas en BIM, aprendiendo a utilizar el software pero sobre todo aprendiendo a diseñar con metodología BIM. No basta, de hecho, con saber utilizar un software basado en BIM para ser un especialista en el tema, sino que es necesario conocer la legislación y la lógica que hay detrás, para poder trabajar en equipo con otros profesionales en la gestión de un pedido BIM.
La legislación reconoce varias figuras BIM. Estos incluyen el especialista en BIM que es responsable del modelo real, el coordinador de BIM y el administrador de BIM.
En el panorama de los cursos online impartidos por diversas plataformas, muy válidos son los de e-learning, es decir, a distancia y online, que te permiten empezar a especializarte en el sector para cubrir una de estas cifras.
La formación en e-learning está cada vez más extendida e indispensable, porque permite muchas ventajas, de hecho se puede decir con razón que es la única posible en algunos casos como en este período pandémico, en el que incluso desde la comodidad del hogar participar en lecciones en línea.
Entre las ventajas de esta modalidad de formación está la posibilidad de sentarse cómodamente en su escritorio, no enfrentarse a desplazamientos, pero, sobre todo, la mayor ventaja es la posibilidad de revisar el curso grabado varias veces, pudiendo así recuperar incluso algunas partes que tal vez se perdió.
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